Wu Yue Scripts

Wu Yue Scripts

白公問於孔子曰：「人可以微言？」孔子不應。白公曰：「若以石投水中，何如？」曰：「吳、越之善沒者能取之矣。」

Yue Inscriptions

I. Weapons of King Goujian 句踐 (r. 496-465 BCE), Zhezhi Yuyi 者旨於睗 (r. 464-459 BCE), Bushou 不壽 (r. 458-449, Jibeigu 丌北古?), and Zhougou 州句 (r. 448-412 BCE)

A. King Goujian of Yue 越王句踐 (r. 496-465 BCE)

King Goujian of Yue 越王句踐, Swords 劍 (jiàn)

Photograph of Sword of Goujian, Son of the King of Yue, Photo courtesy of the Sackler Museum, Harvard University.

***1. Sword of Goujian, the Son of the King of Yue
越王之子句踐劍 (集成, 18.11595).

Provenance: Unclear.
Originally in the collection of Huang Jun 黃濬 (1890-1937).
1945; entered the collection of the Fogg Museum, Harvard University.
Current Location: Sackler Museum, Harvard University.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王句戔之子劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11595.
戉王之子劍, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王之子句踐劍二, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王之子句踐劍 (1), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
戉王之子劍(二), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王之子句踐劍二, Wang Jiehua 王結華 et alia (2010).
句踐劍二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王之子句踐劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王。戉王。勾戔之子。

Dong (1998): Recto. 戉王、王戉
Verso. 之子九戔

Shi (1998): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 之子[叴+欠](叴)[戈+戈over口](戔)

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 之子[九+欠]戔

Translation:
“Goujian, son of the king of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王之子[九+欠]戔.

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #2, 72-3, illus. #45, 73.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 103.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #72, 45n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 22, #71.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #122, 570.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 5-6.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #71, 233.

Rubbing and Epigraphic line drawing of Sword of King Goujian of Yue, Sackler Museum, Harvard University (Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 72-73, illus. #45).

Epigraphic Line Drawing of Sword of King Goujian of Yue (Rong Geng 容庚 (1964), 301, illus. #8).

***2. Sword of Goujian, the Son of the King of Yue
越王之子句踐劍 (集成, 18.11594).

Provenance: Shouxian 壽縣, Anhui. Originally in the collection of Huang Jun 黃濬 (1890-1937) and Chen Rentao 陳仁濤 (1906－1968).
Current Location: Whereabouts unknown.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王之子劍, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964).
戉王句戔之子劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11594.
越王之子句踐劍, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王之子劍, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994)
越王之子句踐劍 (2), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王之子句踐劍一, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王之子劍(一), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王之子句踐劍一, Wang Jiehua 王結華 et alia (2010).
句踐劍一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王之子句踐劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王。戉王。勾戔之子。

Dong (1992): Recto. 戉王、戉王
Verso. 之子九戔

Shi (1998): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 之子[叴+欠](叴)[戈+戈over口](戔)

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 之子[九+欠]戔

Translation:
“Goujian, son of the king of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王之子[九+欠]戔.

References:

Chen Rentao 陳仁濤, Jinkui lungu chuji 金匱論古初集 (Hong Kong: Yazhou shiyinju, 1952), 36.

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #1, 71-2, illus. #44, 73.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 200-202.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 103.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #71, 44n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 22, #70.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964), 279-80; 301, illus. #8.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #121, 569.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 5.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #70, 232.

*3. Sword of King Goujian of Yue 越王句踐劍 (1965; 集成, 18.11621).

Photo of the Sword of King Goujian of Yue, Hubei Provincial Museum; photos by Trenton Wilson and Benjamin Daniels (May 16, 2018).

Provenience: 1965, Tomb #1一號墓, Wangshan 望山, Jiangling County 江陵縣, Hubei.
Current Location: Hubei Provincial Museum 湖北省博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王句踐劍, Wenwu 文物 (1966.5).
𫑛王鳩淺劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11621.
越王句踐劍, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992), 202-205.
戉王囗[叴+欠]淺劍, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994), #72, 234.
越王句踐劍, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998), 104.
越王句踐劍, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #123, 570.
戉王囗[九+欠]淺劍, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007), 22, #72.
越王句踐劍, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 72, 74-75, illus. #46.
越王句踐劍, Wang Jiehua 王結華 et alia (2010), 6-7.
越王句踐劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #73, 45n3.

Inscription:

Wenwu (1966): 越王鳩淺自乍用鐱

Jicheng (Chant.org): 󱪊王勾淺自乍用鐱。

Dong Chuping (1992): Right side: [邑戉]王[叴+欠](九)[淺over口](戔)
Left side: 自作用劍

Shi (1998): Right side: 𫑛(越)王[叴+欠](叴)[氵+(戈+戈over口)](淺)
Left side: 自乍(作)用鐱(劍)

Cao (2014): Right side:𫑛(越)王[九+欠]淺
Left side: 自乍(作)用鐱(劍)

Dong Shan (2014):
𫑛(越)王[叴+欠][氵+(戈+戈over口)](踐),自乍(作)用鐱(劍)

Translation:
“King Goujian of Yue had this sword made for his own personal use” 𫑛(越)王[叴+欠][氵+(戈+戈over口)](踐),自乍(作)用鐱(劍).

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #3, 72, 74-75; illus. #46, 75.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 202-205. Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 104.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #73, 45n3.

Hubeisheng wenwuju wenwu gongzuodui 湖北省文化局文物工作隊, “Hubei Jiangling sanzuo Chumu chutu dapi zhongyao wenwu” 湖北江陵三座楚墓出土大批重要文物 Wenwu 文物 (1966.5): 36, illus. #1, p. 41, plates 1-3 [33－39].

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 22, #72.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #123, 570.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 6-7

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #72, 234.

Paleography

Epigraphic Line Drawing of the Inscription on the Sword of King Goujian of Yue, in the Hubei Provincial Museum; Epigraphy by Benjamin Daniels, 2018.

B. King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #24, 89, illus. # 67, 91.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 222-227.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 111-112.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #75, 47n3.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術 Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #78.

Ma Daokuo 馬道闊, “Anhui Huainanshi Caijiagang Zhaojia gudui Zhanguomu” 安徽淮南市蔡家崗趙家孤堆戰國墓, Kaogu 考古 (1963.4): 208, illus. #3.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #126, 571.

Spears 矛 máo

1. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛 (集成, 17.11511).

Provenance: Shouxian 壽縣, Anhui.
Current Location: Eisei Bunko Museum 永青文庫, Tokyo.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於賜矛, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964).
戉王者旨於賜矛, Jicheng 集成, 17.11511.
越王者旨於賜矛 (其一), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王者旨於睗矛 (二), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王者旨於賜矛 (其一), Dong Chuping 董楚平.
越王者旨於睗矛一, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王者旨於睗矛(一), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗矛一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨於睗矛, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王者旨於睗。

Dong (1992): Right Side. 戉王者
Left Side. 旨於睗(賜)

Shi (1998): Right Side. 戉(越)王者
Left Side. 旨於睗

Cao (2014): Right Side. 戉(越)王者(諸)
Left Side. 旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王者旨於睗。

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王睗者旨於

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #26, 93; illus. #69, 94.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 217.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 110.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #77, 48n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術 Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 22, #73.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964), 278; 298, illus. #4.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #127, 571-2.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #74, 236.

*2. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛 (1988).

Provenience: 1988; Eastern Zhou tomb 東周墓, East side of Jiefang Road 解放路東側, Luoyang 洛陽市, Henan (M2582:7).
Current Location: Luoyang Municipal Archaeological Team 洛陽市文物工作隊
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王者旨於晹矛, Zhao Zhenhua 趙振華 (1989). 戉王者旨於睗矛(一), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王者旨於賜矛 (其三), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王者旨於睗矛二, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王者旨於睗矛(二), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗矛二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨於睗矛, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Dong Chuping (1998): 越王者旨於賜

Shi (1998): Right Side. 戉(越)王者
Left Side. 旨於睗

Cao (2014): Right Side. 戉(越)王者(諸)
Left Side. 旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014):戉(越)王者旨於睗

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王睗者旨於

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #27, 93; illus. #70, 95.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 111.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #78, 48n2.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術 Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 22, #74.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #128, 572.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #73, 235.

Zhao Zhenhua 趙振華, “Henan Luoyang fajue yizuo Zhanguo mu” 河南洛陽發掘一座戰國墓, Kaogu 考古 (1989.5): 415, illus. #3 and #5 [414-7].

3. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛 (集成, 18.11512).

Spear of Zhezhi Yuyi, Shanghai Museum; photos by Benjamin Daniels (May 26, 2018).

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location:Shanghai museum 上海博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王矛, Jicheng 集成, 18.11512.
越王者旨於賜矛 (其二), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王者旨於睗矛(三), Zhang and Cao (1994).
越王者旨於賜矛 (其二), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998)
越王者旨於睗矛三, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998)
戉王者旨於睗矛(三), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗矛五, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014)
越王者旨於睗矛, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription (Writing is read from shaft to point, reversed from other spears of this type):

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王者旨於睗。

Dong (1992): Right Side. 睗(賜)旨於
Left Side. 於戉(越)王

Shi (1998): Right Side. 睗旨者
Left Side. 於戉(越)王

Cao (2014): Right Side. 於戉(越)王
Left Side. 睗旨(稽)者(諸)

Dong Shan (2014): 於戉(越)王睗旨者。

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王睗者旨於 (the characters for the king's name have been arranged to fit with other inscriptions).

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #30; 97; illus. #73, 99.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 218.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 110-1.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #79, 48n3.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術 Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 22, #75.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #129, 572.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #75, 237.

4. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Zhishui Gallery 止水齋, Hangzhou 杭州, Zhejiang.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於睗矛三, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): Right Side. 戉(越)王者(諸)
Left Side. 旨(稽)於睗

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王睗者旨於

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #28, 93; illus. #71, 96.

5. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛.

Provenance: Shaoxing
Current Location: Shaoxing History Museum 紹興越國文化博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於睗矛四, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨於睗矛, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): Right Side. 戉(越)王者(諸)
Left Side. 旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王者於旨睗

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王睗者旨於

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #29, 93 and 97; illus. #72, 98.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #80, 48n4, The picture looks less damaged than Cao’s but they are apparently the same object.

6. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨矛.

Provenance: Unclear. 1992, appeared on the Hong Kong market.
Current Location: Art Museum of the Chinese University of Hong Kong 香港中文大學文物館
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

Sword of Zhezhi Yuyi, Shanghai Museum; photos by Benjamin Daniels (May 26, 2018).

Provenance: 1930s, Shouxian 壽縣, Anhui. Originally in the collection of Huang Jun 黃濬 (1890-1937).
Current Location: Shanghai Musuem 上海博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於賜劍, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964).
戉王者旨於睗劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11599; 11598.
越王者旨於賜劍 (其一), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王者旨於睗劍 (三, 六), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王者旨於睗劍 (其二), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王者旨於睗劍三, Wang Jiehua 王結華 et alia (2010).
越王者旨於睗劍四, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王者旨於睗劍(三, 六), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗劍四, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014)0.
越王者旨於睗劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014). Inscription:

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 11599: 戉王。者旨於睗。11598: 戉王。者旨於睗。

Dong (1992): Recto. 戉王、戉王
Verso. 者旨於賜

Shi (1998): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者旨於睗

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王·戉(越)王·者旨於睗。

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王/者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #7, 77; illus. #50, 79.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 213.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 109.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #81, 48n5.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #83 ; 26, #157.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964), 278-9; 300, illus. #5.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #134, 573-4.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 10.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #83, 246; #157, 249.

5. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (集成, 18.11596).

Provenance: Unclear. Originally in the collection of Fu Dayou 傅大卣 (1917－1994).
Current Location: Palace Museum 故宮博物院, Beijing.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王者旨於睗劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11596.
越王者旨於賜劍 (其二), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王者旨於睗劍 (二), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王者旨於賜劍 (其三), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王者旨於睗劍五, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王者旨於睗劍(二), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗劍二, Wang Jiehua 王結華 et alia (2010).
越王者旨於睗劍七, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨於睗劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王戉王者旨於睗。

Dong (1992): Recto. 戉王、戉王
Verso. 者旨於賜

Shi (1998): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者旨於睗

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王·戉(越)王·者旨於睗。

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王/者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #10, 77; illus. #53, 80.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 214.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 109.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #93, 49n11.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #82.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #135, 574.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 9-10????.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #82, 245.

*6. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1986).

Provenience: 1986; Chu Tomb #9 (M9:7) 九號楚墓, Guanping Village 官坪村, Yutai Xiang 雨臺鄉, Jiangling County 江陵縣, Jingzhou 荆州, Hubei.
Current Location: Jingzhou Museum 荆州地區博物館
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於賜劍 (其四), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王者旨於睗劍 (四), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王者旨於賜劍 (其五), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王者旨於睗劍六, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王者旨於睗劍五, Wang Jiehua 王結華 et alia (2010).
戉王者旨於睗劍(四), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗劍一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨於睗劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Ye Hua 葉華 and He Wannian 何萬年 (1989): Recto. 戉王、戉王
Verso. 者旨於賜

Dong Chuping (1992): Recto. 戉王、戉王
Verso. 者旨於賜

Shi (1998): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者旨於睗

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014):戉(越)王·戉(越)王·者旨於睗

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王/者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #4, 74-76, illus. #47, 75.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 215-6.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 110.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #85, 49n3.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #84.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #136, 574.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 10.

Ye Hua 葉華 and He Wannian 何萬年, Jiangling Guanping Chumu fajue jianbao 江陵官坪楚墓發掘簡報, Jianghan Kaogu 江漢考古 (1989.3): plates 2 and 3. [1-7+29+97-99]

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #84, 247

*7. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1996).

Sword of Zhezhi Yuyi, Shouxian Museum; photos by Benjamin Daniels (May 23, 2018).

Provenience: 1996; Tomb #3 in Xiquan Cemetary 西圈墓地3號墓, Nanguan Village 南關村, Shouchun 壽春, Shouxian 壽縣, Anhui (The Tomb of a Cai Elite).
Current Location: Shouxian Museum 壽縣博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於睗劍十, Wang Jiehua 王結華 et alia (2010), 12.
]越王者旨於睗劍二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王/者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #5, 76; illus. #48, 79.

8. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Private Collection in Hong Kong.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於睗劍七, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王者旨於睗劍七, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗劍一二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨於睗劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Shi (1998): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者旨於睗

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014):戉(越)王·戉(越)王·者旨於睗

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王/者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #15, 78; illus. #58, 82.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), , #88, 49n6.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 27, #185.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #137, 574.

9. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1996).

Sword of Zhezhi Yuyi, Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou; photos by Benjamin Daniels (May 25, 2018).

Provenance: Unclear. 1996, appeared on the Hong Kong Market.
Current Location:Zhejiang Provincial Museum 浙江省博物館, Hangzhou.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨於睗劍 (其一), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王者旨於睗劍八, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王者旨於睗劍八, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王者旨於睗劍六, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨於睗劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Dong (1998): Recto. 戉王、戉王
Verso. 者旨於賜

Shi (1998): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者旨於睗

Cao (2014): Recto. 戉(越)王戉(越)王
Verso. 者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

Dong Shan (2014):戉(越)王·戉(越)王·者旨於睗

Translation:
“King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue” 戉(越)王戉(越)王/者(諸)旨(稽)於睗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #9, 77; illus. #52, 79.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 108.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #84, 49n2.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 27, 186

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #138, 574.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994)

Wenwu 文物 (1996.4): 6, illus. #2, Color Insert #1:1 and 2.

With the amount of inscriptions found for Zhezhi Yuyi and Zhougou, it seems odd that only two artifacts have been found naming king Bushou.

Dong Shan argues that one is a forgery, and the other is actually for a different Prince Bushou, who lived in the fourth century.

Ma Chengyuan 馬承源, identifies Jibeigu, known only in inscriptions, with King Bushou in the received tradition, arguing that Jibeigu as a form of Manggu 盲姑 another name for King Bushou, the grandson of Goujian. This is based on the Suoyin commentary, which says, “According to the Zhushu jinian, The ruler of Yuyue 於粵, Bushou 不壽, was assassinated in the 10th year of his reign. This was Manggu 盲姑. He was succeeded by Zhugou 朱句 ” (於粵子不壽(立十年)見殺，是為盲姑。次朱句立).

Dong Shan follows Ma Chengyuan and equates Jibeigu with Bushou, see Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), 50-53..

However, Although Cao Jinyan accepts the possibility of Ma Chengyuan's identification, he argues that 1) the Bushou inscriptions are authentic, and 2) the paleography of those inscriptions naming Jibeigu are closer in style to those of Buguang (r. 411-376 BCE), so Jibiegu must have reigned after the death of King Zhougou (r. 448-411 BCE).

Spears 矛 máo

1. Spear of Bushou, the son the king of Yue 越王大子不壽矛 (集成, 18.11544).

Provenance: Unclear. Originally in the collection of Sun Ding 孫鼎.
Current Location: Shanghai Museum 上海博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王大子矛, Jicheng 集成, 18.11544.
越大子不壽矛, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王大子矛, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎.
越大子不壽矛, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王大子矛, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王大子矛, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王大子不壽矛, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
於越嗣王旨殹之大啚壽矛, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org):

Dong (1992): Recto, right side: 於戉囗王
Recto, left side: 旨囗之大

Verso, right side: 子㡀壽自
Verso, left side: 作元用矛

Shi (1998): Recto, right side: 於戉 (越) 㠯 (嗣) 王
Recto, left side: 旨医之大
Verso, right side: 子啚囗[???]自
Verso, left side: 作元用矛
Cao (214): Recto, right side: 於戉 (越) 㠯( 台) 王
Recto, left side: 旨(稽)於之大
Verso, right side: 子不囗[???] (壽),自
Verso, left side: 作元用矛
Dong Shan (2104): 於戉(越)嗣王旨殹之大(太)啚(不)囗[????](壽),自乍(作)用元矛。

Translation:
Cao Jinyan interpretation:
“Bushou, the eldest son of the hereditary king of Yuyue, had this spear made for his own personal use” 於戉(越)㠯(台, 嗣)王,旨(稽)於之大,子不囗[???] (壽),自,作元用矛

However, Dong Shan argues that ths Bushou is not king Bushou, but the son of King Zhiyi, living in the early fourth century BCE:
“Bushou, the eldest son of the Hereditary King Zhiyi of Yuyue, had this spear made for his own personal use” 於戉(越)嗣王旨殹之大(太)啚(不)囗[????](壽),自乍(作)用元矛。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #32, 97, 100-102; illus. #75, 100.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 219-221.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 114.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #137, 63n3.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 25 #146.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #162, 581-2.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #146, 327.

Swords 劍 jiàn

1. Sword of King Bushou of Yue 越王不壽劍 (2001).

Provenance: Unclear. 2001, entered private collection in Taipei. Originally in 2001 in a private collection of a certain Chen 陳 in Taipei.
Current Location: Private collection of Gong Qinlong 龔欽龍 in Taipei.
Note: According to Dong Shan, Wu Zhenfeng 吳鎮烽 argued that the inscription on this piece is a forgery, but provides no citation, see Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), 51.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不壽劍, Cao jinyan 曹錦炎 (2002).
越王不壽劍, Cao Jinayan曹錦炎 (2014).
不壽劍, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).

Inscription:

Wang (2010): 戉 (越)王不壽不壽/自乍(作)用僉(劍)用僉(劍).

Cao (214): Recto: 戉 (越)王不囗[???](壽)不囗[???](壽)
Verso: 自乍 (作) 用僉 (劍) 用僉 (劍).

Translation:
“King Bushou of Yue had this sword made for his own personal use” 戉 (越)王不囗[???](壽)不囗[???](壽)自乍 (作) 用僉 (劍) 用僉 (劍).

References:

Cao jinyan 曹錦炎, “Ji xin faxiande Yuewang Bushou jian” 記新發現的越王不壽劍, Wenwu 文物 (2002.2): 66-69.

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #33, 102-104; illus. #76, 103.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), 51, 51n1 (no picture, argues that the inscription is a forgery).

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 12-13, illus. #5.

B. King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古

5. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Private Collection Beijing
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王丌北古劍五, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): Guard recto: 戉(越)王丌北古, 戉(越)王丌北古,
Guard verso: 自乍(作)用旨自, 自乍(作)用旨自。

Translation:
“King Jibeigu of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王丌北古, 戉(越)王丌北古,自乍(作)用僉(劍)自, 自乍(作)用僉(劍)自。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #96, 154; illus. #139, 155.

6. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Private Collection Beijing
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王丌北古劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Dong Shan (2014)戉(越)王丌北古·戉(越)王丌北古·自乍(作) 永用之·自乍(作) 永用之{劍格}·隹(唯)戉(越)王丌北自乍(作)永之用之僉(劍) {劍首}。

Translation:
“King Jibeigu of Yue made this sword for his own personal use, forever using it.” 戉(越)王丌北古·戉(越)王丌北古·自乍(作) 永用之·自乍(作) 永用之{劍格}·隹(唯)戉(越)王丌北自乍(作)永之用之僉(劍) {劍首}。

References:

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #99, 51n5.

7. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: In the Private Collection of Wang Zhengua 王振華, Guyuege (“Ancient Yue Pavilion”) in Taipei 臺北古越閣.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王丌北古劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Dong Shan (2014)戉(越)王丌北古·戉(越)王丌北古·自乍(作) 永用之·自乍(作) 永用之{劍格}·隹(唯)戉(越)王丌北自乍(作)永之用之僉(劍) {劍首}。

References:

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #98, 51n4.

8. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location:
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王丌北古劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王丌𠬝居·公子鐫[台+(一+𠃌)]墨·亥[宀over心over皿][台+(一+𠃌)] 翏 [定without宀] 矩昜[定without宀] [定without宀]金·乍睗卯乍旨君乍亥𠯑柏{劍格}·隹(唯)戉(越)王丌北自乍(作)永之用之僉(劍) {劍首}。

References:

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #100, 52.

D. King Zhougou of Yue 越王州句 (r. 448-411 BCE)

Spears 矛 máo

***1. Spear of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句矛 (集成, 18.11535).

Provenance: Unclear. Originally in the collection of W. Watson.
Current Location: British Museum, London.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王州勾矛, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964).
戉王州句矛, Jicheng 集成, 18.11535.
越王州句矛, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王州句矛, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句矛, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王州句矛, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句矛, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句矛, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句矛, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王州句自乍用矛。

Dong (1992): Right 戉王州句
Left 自乍用矛

Shi (1998): Right 戉(越)王州句
Left 自乍(作)用矛

Cao (2014): Right 戉(越)王州句
Left 自乍(作)用矛

Dong Shan (2014) 戉(越)王州句,自乍(作)用矛

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this spear for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,自乍(作)用矛

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #63 118; illus. #106, 121.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 247.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 120-121.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #126,59n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 24, #102.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964), 280; 303, illus. #10.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #145, 576.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #102, 267.

Swords 劍 jiàn

*1. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 越王州句劍 (1973; 集成, 18.11625).

Sword of King Zhougou of Yue, Jingzhou Museum; photo by Trenton Wilson (2017).

Provenience: 1973; Chu Tomb #1 一號楚墓, Tengdian 藤店, Jiangling County 江陵縣, Jingzhou 荆州, Hubei.
Current Location: Jingzhou Museum 荆州地區博物館
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王州句劍 Wenwu 文物 (1973).
戉王州句劍 Jicheng 集成, 18.11625.
越王州句劍 (其一), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
越王州句劍 (一), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句劍 (1), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王州句劍一, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句劍 (一), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍一, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Wenwu (1973): 戉(越)王州(朱)句(勾),自乍(作)用僉(劍) 。

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王州句自乍用僉。

Dong Chuping (1992): Right side of the blade: 戉王州句
Left Side of the blade: 自乍用僉(劍)

Shi (1998): Right side of the blade: 戉(越)王州句
Left Side of the blade: 自乍用僉(劍)

Cao (2014): Right side of the blade: 戉(越)王州句
Left Side of the blade:自乍(作)用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王州句,自乍(作)用僉(劍) 。

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,自乍(作)用僉(劍) 。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #34, 104-106; illus. #77, 105.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 236-8.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 118.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #103,54n3.

Jingzhou diqu bowuguan 荆州地區博物館, “Hubei Jiangling Tengdian yi hao mu fajue jianbao” 湖北江陵藤店一號墓發掘簡报, Wenwu 文物 (1973.9): plate 1:3 [7-13; plates].

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #86.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #146, 576-7.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964)

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 14, illus. #6.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #86, 252.

*2. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1977; 集成, 18.11631.)

Provenience: 1977; Chu Tomb #42 四十二號楚墓, Heshan miao 赫山廟, Yiyang 益陽市, Hunan
Current Location: Hunan Provincial Museum 湖南省博物館, Changsha (As of Spring 2018, not on exhibit, possibly on loan).
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王州句劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11631.
越王州句劍 (其四), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王州句劍 (十二), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句劍 (4), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王州句劍二, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句劍 (十二), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍四, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍二三, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王州句自乍用僉。

Dong Chuping (1992): Recto: 戉王州句州句
Verso: 自乍用僉自乍用僉

Shi (1998): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句,戉(越)王州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句,戉(越)王州句·
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍), 自乍用僉(劍)

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,戉(越)王州句自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #56, 112; illus. #99, 116.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 242.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 119.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #121, 56-7n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #97.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #147, 577.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 14

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #97, 263.

Zhou Shirong 周世榮. Hunan Chumu chutu guwenzi congkao 湖南楚墓出土古文字叢考. Hunan kaogu jikan 湖南考古輯刊 (1982): 88, illus. #1:4 [87-99,127.].

The Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍, facsimile from Perceval Yetts (1934), “Ancient Chinese Sword with ‘Bird Script,’” Figure 2-3.

***3. The Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1881; 集成, 18.11622).

Bought by Wang Yirong 王懿榮 in Xi’an 西安, Shaanxi in 1881.
Current Location: Palace Museum 故宮博物院, Beijing.
Originally in the collection of Wang Yirong 王懿榮 (1845–1900), 陶祖光 Tao Zuguang (1882-1956), and Huang Jun 黃濬 (1890-1937).

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

鳥獸文劍, Zou An 鄒安 (1916).
Ancient Chinese Sword with “Bird Script,” Perceval Yetts (1934).
越王州勾劍, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964).
戉王州句劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11622.
越王州句劍 (其五), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王州句劍 (三), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句劍 (5), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王州句劍三, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句劍 (三), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍十, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍四, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王州句自乍用僉。

Shi (1998): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句·州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) ·自乍用僉(劍)

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,州句自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Description by Wang Yirong 王懿荣 (1845～1900), Tianrangge zaji 天壤閣雜記, 1.8a:

辛巳年八月,由川北上,回京館試,到陝西,初見楊估實齋,為陜巨指矣.先是,過寶雞渡河,禱於寶雞祠陳寶之神,願得古器, 門未啓,叩於外,到長安,得楊估彝一中有犧形尤佳,方鼎一,小鼎一,觚一,小蘇估劍一,當為天下第一,烏形陽文篆,如花如字, 字下又有花,鋒如新,馬氏殿當瓦一,古泉、古印不具數,陳寶之神所佑也,望空謝之.楊估為清卿,寄古泉百餘方,佳者纍纍, 興定寶鈔銅板,乃絕品.馬估得於河南府李姓者,聞又有文選銅板一葉,不知何物何歸

In august of 1881, I was returning from northern Sichuan to the capital for an exam, going north and arriving in Shaanxi, I first went to see Merchant Yang Shizhai, who is the “thumb” (head honcho) of Shaanxi. I had crossed the river and passed through Baoji 寶雞 [Shaanxi]. Wishing that I might be able to obtain some ancient artifacts, I prayed at the temple at Baoji to the Chenbao (Treasures of Chen). The door was still not open, so I kowtowed from outside. When I got to Chang’an, I got beast shaped vessel that was particularly stunning, one square ding, one small ding, one hu wine vessel from Merchant Yang. From Merchant Su, I obtained an ancient sword that might be one of the finest in the world. It has seal characters with bird forms inscribed in raised relief, that looks like flowers and characters at the same time, under the characters there are more flower patterns, it is sharp as if it were new...All of this is due to the blessing of the Chenbao, so I looked up into the sky and expressed to my gratitude to them. Merchant Yang was an incorruptible official, who had over a hundred ancient coins, piles and piles of pristine ones, he had the copper plates to mint Jin dynasty xingding coins, which can’t be found anywhere else. Merchant Ma got it from Mr. Li of Henan province, moreover, I heard he had a copper printing plate for a page of the Wenxuan, I don’t know what it exactly is or who has it now.

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #31, 106; illus. #80, 108.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 242.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 119.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #104,54-5n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #88.

Luo Zhenyu 羅振玉, 貞松堂集古遺文 (1931), 12.23.3-4.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964), 281; 302, illus. #11.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #148, 577.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 15.

Wang Yirong 王懿榮: Tianrangge zaji 天壤閣雜記, 1.239a-b Just description

Perceval Yetts, “‘Bird Script’ on Ancient Chinese Swords.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 66, No. 3 (1934): 547-552, Figure 2-3.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #88, 254.

Zou An 鄒安, Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存 (1916): 6卷: 6.105.3-6.106.2.

The Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍, from Zou An 鄒安, Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存 (1916): 6卷: 6.105.3-6.106.2.

***4. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (集成, 18.11624).

Provenance: Unclear. Originally in the collection of G.L. Winthrop (1864-1943). 1943 entered into the collection of the Fogg Art Museum, Harvard.
Current Location:Sackler Museum, Harvard University.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王州勾劍, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964).
戉王州句劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11624.
越王州句劍 (其七), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王州句劍 (十一), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句劍 (其七), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王州句劍四, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句劍 (十一), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍十三, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍五, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王州句自乍用僉。

Dong (1992): Recto: 戉王州句州句
Verso: 自乍用僉自乍用僉

Shi (1998): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句·州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) ·自乍用僉(劍)

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,戉(越)王州句自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #38, 106; illus. #81, 108.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 243-4.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 119.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #105, 55n2

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #96.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964), 282; 303, illus. #13.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #149, 577-8.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 16.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #96, 262.

***5. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1936; 集成, 18.11623 and 18.11629 are mixed up).

Provenance: 1936, Chu Tomb outside the gate of Xiaowu 小吳門外楚墓, Changsha 長沙, Hunan. Originally in the collection of Cai Jixiang 蔡季襄 (1898-1979), G.L. Winthorp. Now in the Sackler Museum, Harvard University – Shi (1998), 578. Somewhere overseas, Once in the collections of Cai Jixiang 蔡季襄 (1898-1979) and Chen Rentao, then went overseas. Once in the collectin of O. Karlbook of Sweden (1947), see Zhang & Cao 1994 and Cao 2014. Wang notes it’s finding in 36, says it passed to Karlbrook and that Dong says it’s in the Shanghai Museum.
Current Location: Shanghai Museum – Dong (1992), 245.

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王州勾劍, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964).
戉王州句劍 Jicheng 集成, 18.11623 – Shi (2014).
戉王州句劍 Jicheng 集成, 18.11629 – Cao (1994).
越王州句劍 (其八), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王州句劍 (二) (Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句劍 (其九), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王州句劍五, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句劍 (二), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍十二, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍八, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,戉(越)王州句自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #41, 107; illus. #84, 109.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 244-45.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 119.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #106, 55n3. (Harvard)

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #87.

Rong Geng 容庚, “Niaoshu kao” 鳥書考, in Rong Geng Wenji 容庚文集, 274-319 (Guangdong: Zhongshan daxue chubanshe, 1964), 282; 304, illus. #14.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #150, 578.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 16.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #87, 253

Sword of King Zhougou of Yue, Jingmen Museum; Photos by Trenton Wilson (May 17, 2018).

Provenience: 1987, Chu tomb #36 (M36:4) 三十六號楚墓, Ziling gang 子陵崗, in the northern outskirts of Jingmen 荊門市北郊, Hubei.
Current Location: Jingmen Museum 荊門市博物館
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王州句劍, Cui Renyi 崔仁義 and Li Yunqing 李雲清 (1990).
越王州句劍 (其三), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王州句劍 (十四), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句劍 (3), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越王州句劍八, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句劍 (十四), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍三, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Dong Chuping (1992): Recto: 戉王州句州句
Verso: 自乍用僉自乍用僉

Shi (1998): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句·州句
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) ·自乍用僉(劍)

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,戉(越)王州句自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #35, 106; illus. #78, 108.

Cui Renyi 崔仁義 and Li Yunqing 李雲清, “Jingmenshi Zilinggang gumu fajue jianbao” 荆門市子陵崗古墓發掘簡報, Jianghan kaogu 江漢考古 (1990.4): 5, illus. #7: 4, Plate 2: 8 and 9.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 239-10.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 118.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #109, 55n6.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23-4, #99.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #153, 579.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 14, illus. #6.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #99, 265.

10. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 越王州句劍 (集成, 18.11630).

Sword of Zhougou, Shanghai Museum; Photos by Benjamin Daniels (May 26, 2018)

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location:Shanghai Museum 上海博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王州句劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11630.
戉王州句劍 (八), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王州句劍九, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王州句劍 (八), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍六, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍九, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)王州句,戉(越)王州句自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #42, 107; illus. #85, 109.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #110, 55n7.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 23, #93.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #154, 579.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 15.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #93, 259.

Provenance: Unclear. Zhejiang (Shi, 1998), Once in the 臺北古越閣, Taipei (Shi, 1998; Wang 2010; Cao, 2014).
Current Location: Private collection of a certain Gong 龔 in Taipei (Wang 2010; Cao, 2014).
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王州句劍, Cao Jinyan (1997).
越王州句劍十五 Shi Xiejie 施謝捷, (1998).
越王州句劍, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王州句劍十六, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王州句劍二四, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Shi (1998): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 之用僉(劍)唯余土囗[L + 禾] (委)邗

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 之用僉(劍) 唯余土利邗

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)州句·王州句 ·之用僉(劍), 隹(唯) ·余土囗[L + 禾]( 卷)邗。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎《跋古越閣新藏之州句劍銘文》，《第三屆國際中國古文字學研討會文集》香港中文大學, 1997.

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #57, 112 and 117; illus. #100, 116.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #125, 57n5.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 27, 190.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #160, 580-1.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 17-18.

Provenance: Recently unearthed in Shaoxing
Current Location: Shaoxing Museum 紹興縣博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王州句劍二五, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)王州句州句
Verso: 之用僉(劍) 唯余土利邗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #58, 117; photo #101, 117.

1. Iron sword of King Gou of Yue 越王句鐵劍.

Provenance: Unclear. Once in the Private Collection of Wang Zhengua 王振華, Guyuege (“Ancient Yue Pavilion”) in Taipei 臺北古越閣.
Current Location: Private collection of a certain Gong 龔 in Taipei.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王句鐵劍, Gu Jian 古劍 (1995).
越王句鐵劍. Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王句鐵劍, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998)
戉王句鐵劍, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越州句鐵劍, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007), is the same as above?
越州句劍一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 118, 120, illus. #103.
越州丩鐵劍銅格, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #101, 54n1.

Cao Jinyan says the sword was originally an iron sword with a bronze guard, but now there is only the sword guard, in the cavity in the sword guard there are traces of iron rust.

Inscription:

Shi (1998): Recto: 戉(越)州丩(句) 戉(越)州丩(句)
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)州丩(句) 戉(越)州丩(句)
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2014) Recto: 戉(越)州丩(句) · 戉(越)州丩(句) ·
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) · 自乍用僉(劍) 。

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)州丩(句) · 戉(越)州丩(句)自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #60, 118; illus. #103, 120.
Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #101, 54n1.

Gu Jian 古劍. "Taiwan Guyuege cang qingtong bingqi jingcui zhan" 臺灣古越閣藏青銅兵器精粹展. Wenwu 文物 No. 8 (1995): 94-96, illus. #4.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): , 23, #80 and 27, 189 (are they the same?)

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #144, 576. (Lin does not reference Shi)

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #80, 251.

2. Iron sword with Bronze Guard of Zhougou of Yue 越州丩鐵劍銅格/ Sword of Zhougou of Yue 越州句劍..

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: 珍秦齋, Macau
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越州句劍二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越州丩鐵劍銅格, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #102, 54n2.

Cao: This was an iron sword, with a bronze guard, there is some of the iron of the body left.

Inscription:

Cao (2014): Recto: 戉(越)州丩(句) 戉(越)州丩(句)
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2014) Recto: 戉(越)州丩(句) · 戉(越)州丩(句) ·
Verso: 自乍(作)用僉(劍) · 自乍用僉(劍) 。

Translation:
“King Zhougou of Yue made this sword for his own personal use.” 戉(越)州丩(句) · 戉(越)州丩(句)自乍(作)用僉(劍) 自乍用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #61, 118; illus. #104, 120.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #102, 54n2.

Following the death of Zhougou 州句, Yue chronology becomes even fuzzier. According to the Shiji 史記 and Zhushu jinian 竹書紀年 (Bamboo Annals), Zhougou was succeeded by his son, Yi 翳 (r. 411-376 BCE), who might be the same individual called Buyang 不揚 in the Yuejueshu 越絕書. Cao Jinyan and Dong Shan both argue that the names Sizhi Buguang 嗣旨不光, Zhiyi 旨翳, and Buguang 不光 found in inscriptions all refer to King Yi of Yue (Cao jinyan 曹錦炎, “Ji xin faxiande Yuewang Bushou jian” 記新發現的越王不壽劍, Wenwu 文物 No. 2 (2002.): 68-69; Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), 59-64). Following this identification, although I have kept them seperated, they are all placed within a single group.

According to the received histories, following the assasaination of King Yi, Yue enters a period of turmoil, and this seems to be refelected in the archaeological record. Several rulers calling themselves king may have ruled at the same time.

II. Weapons of later kings (late 5^th and 4^th centuries), uncertain, and disputed.

A. Hereditary King Zhi Buguang of Yue 嗣旨不光, Zhiyi 旨翳, and Buguang 不光

Swords 劍 jiàn of Hereditary King Zhi Buguang of Yue 嗣旨不光 (jiàn)

*1. Sword of Hereditary King Zhi Buguang of Yue 越王嗣旨不光劍 (1974; 集成, 18.11704).

Provenience: 1974, Warring States Tomb, in Zhangjiashan 張家山, 城西門外 Jiangling County江陵縣, Hubei.
Current Location: Jingzhou Museum 荆州地區博物館
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11704.
越王盲姑劍 (其二) Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王旨不光劍 (一), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王嗣旨不光劍一, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王嗣旨不光劍一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1999).
戉王旨不光劍 (一), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王嗣旨不光劍一, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王嗣旨不光劍一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
嗣越不光唯𠯑可句於劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王。旨不光。自乍用之工。台戉不光。唯曰可乍於元用僉。

Shi (1998): Sword guard, recto:戉(越)王戉(越)王
Sword guard, verso:囗[台+???](嗣)旨不光, 白(自)乍(作)用囗
Pommel: 台(嗣)戉(越)不光𠯑(厥)可囗於元用僉(劍)

Cao (1999), Wang (2010):
Sword guard, recto:戉(越)王戉(越)王
Sword guard, verso:囗[台+???] (嗣)旨不光,自乍(作)用攻(?)
Pommel:台(嗣)戉(越)不光隹(唯)曰:可乍(作)於元用僉(劍)

Cao (2014): Sword guard, recto:戉(越)王戉(越)王
Sword guard, verso:囗[台+???](嗣)旨不光,自乍(作)用僉(劍)
Pommel: 台(嗣)戉(越)不光隹(唯)曰:可,乍(作)於元用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2104): Guard: 戉(越)王·戉(越)王·者旨不光·自乍(作)用僉(劍)。
Pommel: 台(嗣)戉(越) 不光唯𠯑可句於元用僉(劍)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Shanghai: Shuhua chubanshe, 1999), Yue #36; 88-90.

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #64, 122; Illus. #107, 125.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 229.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #135, 63n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 24, #107.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #163, 582.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 19-20.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #107, 272.

***2. Sword of Hereditary King Zhi Buguang of Yue 越王嗣旨不光劍 (1935; 集成, 18.11642).

Provenance: 1935, Changsha. Once in the collection of O. Karlbrook of Sweden.
Current Location: Shi (1999): Whereabouts unknown; Cao (2014): Private Collection in Sweden)
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11642.
戉王旨不光劍 (二), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王嗣旨不光劍二, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王嗣旨不光劍三, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1999).
戉王旨不光劍 (二), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王嗣旨不光劍三, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王嗣旨不光劍二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王者旨不光劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王󱞎旨不光自乍用攻。

Shi (1998): Sword guard, recto:戉(越)王戉(越)王
Sword guard, verso:囗[台+???](嗣)旨不光, 白(自)乍(作)用囗

Cao (1999), Wang (2010):
Sword guard, recto:戉(越)王戉(越)王
Sword guard, verso: 囗[台+?](嗣)旨不光自乍(作)用攻(?)

Cao (2014): Sword guard, recto:戉(越)王戉(越)王
Sword guard, verso:囗[台+???](嗣)旨不光,自乍(作)用僉(劍)

Dong Shan (2104): Sword Guard: 戉(越)王·戉(越)王·者旨不光·自乍(作)用僉(劍)。

References:

Swords 劍 jiàn

1. Sword of King Zhiyi Buguang of Yue 越王旨翳不光 (1994).

Provenance: Unclear (Wang 2010). 1994, Appeared on the Hong Kong Antiquities Market.
Current Location: Private Collection in Gaoxiong 高雄, Taipei.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王旨不光劍 (四), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王旨医劍, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王旨不光劍 (四), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王旨旨医劍, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王旨翳劍三, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王旨翳劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Zhang and Cao (1994): 戉王王戉旨翳不光不光旨翳

Shi (1998): 戉(越)王戉(越)王旨医旨医

Wang (2010): 戉(越)王戉(越)王旨不光旨不光

Cao (2014) 戉(越)王戉(越)王旨医(翳) 旨医(翳)

Dong Shan (2014) 戉(越)王·戉(越)王·旨殹·旨殹

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, “Xin jian Yuewang bingqi jiqi xiangguan wenti” 新見越王兵器及其相關問題, Wenwu (2000.1): 71, illus. 1.4.

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #73, 131.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #127, 59n2.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 25, #148.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #171, 584.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 22.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #148, 275.

*2. Sword of King Zhiyi Buguang of Yue 越王旨翳不光 (2006)

Provenience: 2006, Warring States tomb #30 (30 號戰國墓), 天子墳虎形山, Heshan district / He mountain area 赫山區, Yiyang 益陽, Hunan.
Current Location: Yiyang Museum

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

1. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍 (集成, 18.11645).

Provenance: Unclear. Originally in the collection of Liu Tizhi 劉體智 (1879~1962).
Current Location: Shanghai Museum 上海博物館
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍（卯劍）, Jicheng 集成, 18.11645.
戉王不光劍 (三), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王不光劍四, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王劍一 , Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王不光劍 (三), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王不光劍三, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王不光□□□□□□。

Shi (1999): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
囗囗囗囗
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
不光不光
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Dong Shan (2014): Sword Guard:戉王·戉王·囗囗囗·囗囗囗·
Sword Pommel囗囗囗囗囗囗, 囗囗囗囗囗囗。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #77, 132.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #151, 75n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 24, #112.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #173, 584-5.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 21.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #112, 278.

2. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍 (集成, 18.11648).

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: National Museum of China 中國國家博物館, Beijing
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍 , Jicheng 集成, 18.11648.
越王劍二 , Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王劍二, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王不光劍七, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #81, 136.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #152, 75n2.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 27, 192.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #174, 585.

3. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍 (集成,18.11647).

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Shanghai Museum 上海博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11647.
越王劍三, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越王劍三, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王不光劍六, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王不光□□□□□□。

Shi (1999): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
囗囗囗囗
(--------------------)

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
不光不光
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Dong Shan (2014): Sword Guard:戉王·戉王·囗囗囗·囗囗囗·
Sword Pommel囗囗囗囗囗囗, 囗囗囗囗囗囗。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #80, 136.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #153, 75n3.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 27, 193.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #175, 585.

Provenience: 1979; Warring States tomb #4, Pingliangtai 平糧臺, Huaiyang 淮陽, Hunan.
Current Location: Henan Provincial Institute of Archaeology and Cultural
Relics 河南省文物研究所.

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11649.
平糧臺越王劍(其二), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王不光劍 (一), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王劍七, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王不光劍 (一), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王不光劍一, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010, 60cm blade, looks like Cao illus 119.)
越王不光劍一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Shi (1999): 戉(越)王戉(越)王/囗囗囗囗/囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Cao (2014):戉(越)王戉(越)王/不光不光/囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Dong Shan (2014): Sword Guard:戉王·戉王·囗囗囗·囗囗囗·> Sword Pommel囗囗囗囗囗囗, 囗囗囗囗囗囗。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #75, 131-2; illus. #118, 135.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 230-4.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #157, 75n7.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 24, #110.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #179, 586.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 21.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #110, 276.

*8. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍 (1979; 集成, 18.11664).

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies

戉王劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11664.
平糧臺越王劍(其一), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉王不光劍 (五), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王劍八, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王不光劍 (五), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王不光劍三, Wang Jiehua 王結華, et alia (2010).
越王不光劍八, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Shi (1999): 戉(越)王戉(越)王/囗囗囗囗/囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Cao (2014):戉(越)王戉(越)王/不光不光/囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Dong Shan (2014): Sword Guard:戉王·戉王·囗囗囗·囗囗囗·

Sword Pommel囗囗囗囗囗囗, 囗囗囗囗囗囗。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #82, 136-7; illus. #125.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 230-4.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #158, 75n8.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 24, #114.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #180, 586.

Wang Jiehua 王結華, Mao Ying 毛穎, and Liu Liwen 劉麗文, Guyue yizhen yanjiu 古越遺珍研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe 科學出版社, 2010), 21.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #114, 280.

9. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Shaoxing Museum 紹興縣博物館
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光劍九, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
不光不光
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #83, 137; illus. #126.

Sword of Buguang, Shaoxing Museum; Photos by Benjamin Daniels (May 29, 2018)

10. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍 (集成, 18.11667).

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Palace Museum 故宮博物院, Beijing.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11667. 越王劍九, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998). 越王劍九, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007). 越王不光劍一〇, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014). 越王劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉王不光□□□□□。

Shi (1999): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
囗囗囗囗
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
不光不光
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

Dong Shan (2014): Sword Guard:戉王·戉王·囗囗囗·囗囗囗·
Sword Pommel囗囗囗囗囗囗, 囗囗囗囗囗囗。

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #84, 137; illus. #127.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #159, 75n9.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 27, #194.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #181, 586-7.

11. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍.

Provenance: Anhui
Current Location: Shaoxing Museum 紹興縣博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光劍一一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 137.

Inscription:

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
不光不光
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #85, 137; illus. #128.

Sword of Buguang, Shaoxing Museum; Photos by Benjamin Daniels (May 29, 2018)

12. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location:Hanyue Hall 翰越堂, Shaoxing
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光劍一二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王不光不光囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #86, 137-44; illus. #139.

13. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍.

Provenance: Unclear. Macau, 2008
Current Location: Private Collection in Shaoxing
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光劍一三, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 144)

Inscription:

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
囗[台+???](嗣)旨不光不光
囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #87, 144; illus. #132, 146.

*14. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍 (2000).

Sword of Buguang, Jingzhou Museum, Photos by Trenton Wilson and Benjamin Daniels (May 17, 2018).

Provenience: 2000; Warring States Tomb #1, Caojiashan 曹家山, Jingzhou 荆州, Hubei.
Current Location: Jingzhou Museum 荆州地區博物館.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光劍一四, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王/[不光不光]/囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗囗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #88, 144; illus. #131, 147.

15. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location:Academia Sinica 臺北中央研究院, Taipei.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光劍一五, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): [戉(越)王戉(越)王]
不光不光

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #89, 144; illus. #132, 147.

16. Sword of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光劍.

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Private Collection in Luohe, Henan
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光劍一六, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王戉(越)王
戉(越)王戉(越)王
囗囗囗囗囗囗,囗囗囗囗囗囗

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #90, 148; illus. #133, 149.

C. Disputed

1. Weapons that have been proposed to be from the time of King Yunchang of Yue (r. late 6^th century - d. 497 BCE)

1. Dagger-axe of King Deju or Chaixu of Yue 越王差䣄戈 /越王得居戈.

Cao Jinyan reads the rulers name as Deju and identifies him as King Yunchang of Yue 越王允常 (d. 497 BCE). Dong Shan reads the kings name as Chaixu and identifies him as Chuwuyu 初無余, a short lived king who reigned at the beginning of the 4^th century.

Provenance: Unclear. 90s, Shaoxing. Excavated along with second dagger-axe, below.
Current Location:
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王得居戈, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2004).
越王差戈, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2004): 戉(越)王差(佐) 䣄(徐) 㠯(以)其鐘金, 鑄其□[共+戈](拱)□[???+戈](戟)

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王差䣄(徐)以其鑄金, 鑄其□[共+戈](拱)□[建+戈]([戈+建] ～戟)

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, “Yuewang Deju ge kaoshi” 越王得居戈考釋 (2004), in Wu Yue lishi yu kaogu luncong 吳越歷史與考古論叢, 92-98 (Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe, 2007).

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), , #140, 66n1.

2. Dagger-axe of King Deju or Chaixu of Yue 越王差䣄戈 /越王得居戈.

Provenance: Unclear. 90s, Shaoxing.
Current Location:
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王得居戈, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2009).
越王差戈, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2004): 戉(越)邦先王得居乍(作) 鑄金[???](就), 就差(佐)□[ 䣄](徐)之為王后得居以乍(作)其元用戈,以守(?)其[鼻+阝]（邊）土。

Dong Shan (2014): 戉（越）邦之先王未得居乍（胥～蘇）金（陰），就差□䣄（徐）之為王，司（始）得居乍（胥～蘇）金（陰）。差□䣄（徐）以鑄其元甬（用）戈，以攸（修）□□[鼻+阝]（邊）土。

References:

Sword of King Zhezhi of Yue 越王者旨劍

Dong Shan argues that since it records 以戰吳人 (“for use in battling the men of Wu” or “in order to fight the men of Wu”), this sword was made before Wu fell and therefore this Zhezhi is equated to King Yunchang of Yue (d. 497 BCE)

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: 北京博華文盛文化藝術公司

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王者旨劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王者旨, 戉(越)王者旨, 自[乍 over 又](作)用僉(劍)。自[乍 over 又](作)用僉(劍)·戉(越)王者旨, 自[乍 over 又](作)用僉(劍)。以戰吳人。

References:

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #70 , 43n2.

D. Uncertain

Swords

Sword of Yue 越劍 (集成, 18.11655).

Provenance: Unclear. Originally in the collections of Chen Jieqi 陳介祺 (1813-1884) and Huang Jun 黃濬 (1890-1937).
Current Location: Whereabouts unknown.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

先自劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11655.
平糧臺越王劍(其一), Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
戉囗自劍, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越劍, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉囗自劍, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越劍, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越自蒥劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 戉□自戉□自戉□自戉□自。

Shi (1999): 戉(越)囗白(自)戉(越)囗白(自)戉(越)囗白(自)戉(越)囗白(自)

Cao (2014): 戉(越)邦自。戉(越)大自。戉(越)囗[???]自。戉(越)大自。

Dong Shan (2104): 戉(越) 自蒥(茅),戉(越) 自囗[???] ( 吳); 戉(越) 自以(琊), 戉(越) 自囗[???]莒

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), #100, 157; illus. #143, 158.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 230-4.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #129, 61n1.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 24, #117.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #182, 587.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #117, 286.

Lance of the King of Yue 越王鈹 (集成, 18.11571).

Lance of the King of Yue, Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou; Photo by Benjamin Daniels (May 25, 2018).

Provenance: According to Cao (2014): 1972, collected from Hangzhou by the Zhejiang Museum. According to Shi (1998): 1976, Zhejiang, 1976, Yin County 鄞縣, Zhejiang.
Current Location: Zhejiang Provincial Museum 浙江省博物館, Hangzhou 杭州.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

戉王劍, Jicheng 集成, 18.11571.
戉王鈹, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王鈹, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王鈹, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
越王鈹 (越王短劍), Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).
越王劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014).

Inscription:

Shi (1998): 戉(越)王

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王

Dong Shan (2014): 戉(越)王

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), Yue #101, 157; illus. #144, 159.

Dong Shan 董珊, Wu Yue timing yanjiu 吳越題銘研究 (Beijing: Kexue chubanshe, 2014), #148, 74n2.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): , 22, #66.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #185, 587-8.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #60, 228.

III. Bells

A. 鐘 zhòng

*1. Fragment of a Shattered Bell with the Character Yu 於殘鐘 (1960; 集成, 1.1).

Provenience: 1960; Ancient Tomb in Hengshan 横[土+扇](扇)古墓, Wujiang County 吳江縣, Jiangsu.
Current Location: Nanjing Museum 南京博物院 (Not exhibited).
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

於殘鐘, Jicheng 集成, 1.1.
越王於字殘鐘片, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1992).
“於” 字殘鐘片, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998).
越殘鐘, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
越殘鐘, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).
“於” 殘鐘, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014).

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 於

Shi (1998): 於

Cao (2014): 於

References:

Chen Bangfu 陳邦福, “Wujiang Hengshan chutu Yuewang can zhong kaoshi” 吳江横(土扇)出土越王殘鐘考釋, Kaogu 考古, No. 7 (1961): 390; plate 1.

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), 272, illus. #246 附.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue Xu Shu jinwen jishi 吳越徐舒金文集释 (Hangzhou: Zhejiang guji chubanshe, 1992), 161.

Dong Chuping 董楚平, Wu Yue wenhua zhi 吳越文化志 (Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998), 114.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 26, #167.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #97, 557; 364.

Image of the fragment of the bell with the character yu 於, taken from Chen Bangfu 陳邦福, “Wujiang Hengshan chutu Yuewang can zhong kaoshi” 吳江横(土扇)出土越王殘鐘考釋, Kaogu 考古, No. 7 (1961): 390

***2. Bell of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗鐘 (Song Period; 集成, 1.144.)

This bell, which is now lost, was unearthed in the Song period. It was once in the collection of Zhao Zhongyuan 趙仲爰 (1054-1123), a member of the royal family. Later it was in the Song Imperial treasury.

Six Facsimiles of the Inscription:
a. Bell of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗鐘 (Bogu tulu facsimile)
b. Bell of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗鐘 (Xiaotang jigu lu facsimile, possibly taken from the Bogu tulu 博古圖錄, but slight variation).
c. Bell of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗鐘 (Lidai facsimile #3, taken from Bogu lu 博古錄 but slightly varied)
d. Bell of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗鐘 (Lidai facsimile #1)
e. Bell of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗鐘 (Lidai facsimile #2)
f. Bell of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗鐘 (Xiaotang jigu lu facsimile)

Description and facsimile printed in Wang Fu 王黼 (1079-1126), ed., Bogu tulu 博古圖錄 (1123), 22.16.

Description in Zhao Mingcheng 趙明誠 (1081–1129), Jinshilu 金石錄, 11.1.

Two facsimiles in Wang Qiu 王俅 (12th century), ed., Xiaotang jigu lu 嘯堂集古錄 (1176, p. 82a-b, possibly taken from the Bogu tulu 博古圖錄, but slight variation. A second facsimile (p. 95) is unintelligible, with many characters missing.

Three facsimiles in Xue Shanggong 薛尚功, ed., Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie 歷代鐘鼎彝器款識法帖 (1144): Facsimile #1 (1.2, p. 3-4) is taken from Huaiyang shiben 淮揚石本. Facsimile #2 (1.3, p. 5-6), facsimile taken from Guqiwuming 古器物銘. Facsimile #3 (1.4, p. 6-7) is taken from the Bogu lu 博古錄, but is slightly different, actually each edition of the Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie has slight variations.

Rong Geng容庚 (1934, 196-197) uses the inscription from Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie facsimile #1, but has the picture of the bell from the Bogu tulu.

The bell is described as a “Zhou Bell with Jiao-dragon Script” 周蛟篆鐘by Wang Fu 王黼 (1079-1126) in the Bogu tulu 博古圖錄 (1123) and Wang Qiu 王俅 (12th century) in the Xiaotang jigu lu 嘯堂集古錄, or a “Shang Bell” 商鐘 by Xue Shanggong 薛尚功 in the Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie 歷代鐘鼎彝器款識法帖 (1144). Zhao Mingcheng 趙明誠 (1081–1129) in the Jinshilu金石錄 calls it in an “Ancient Bell” 古鐘.

Shanggong 薛尚功 has three facsimiles of the bell from three different sources (one being the Bogu tulu). Zhao Mingcheng 趙明誠(1081–1129), includes a description of the bell in his Jinshilu 金石錄. The Xiaotang jigu lu 嘯堂集古錄 (1176) by Wang Qiu 王俅 (12th century) also has a similar facsimile, apparently taken from the Bogu lu 博古錄, but with slight variations. Also in the Xiaotang jigu lu, there is another facsimile of a bell called a “Shang Bell” 商鐘, based on our modern understanding of the inscription, it might be the same bell as above, but transcribed in a rather confused manner.

Commentary on Inscription:

Xue Shanggong, Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie, 7:
銘五十二字字極古間作鸞鶴蛟螭之形其銘不可辨識者…昔張懐瓘在翰林時,見古鍾紀夏禹之績,皆紫金,鈿以大篆,神彩驚人此鍾欵識盖亦鈿金篆也. The inscription is 52 characters long, and the exceptionally ancient characters, which are occasionally written in the shape of phoenixes, cranes, jiao-dragons, and chi-dragons, and cannot be recognized…In the past, when Zhang Huaiguan 張懷瓘 (Tang) was in the Hanlin (academy), he saw an ancient bell recording the achievements of Yu of Xia. All the characters were great seal characters inlaid with purple gold, which amazed everyone. This bell’s inscription is also presumably inlaid purple gold seal characters.

Inscription:

Bogu tulu (1123): 隹正月仲/春吉日丁/亥既望分/召純釐擇/乃吉金自/欣和其安/以樂娛奉/喜而賓客/其怡鼓之/夙暮不忘/烏余子孫/萬葉無疆/用之勿相

Xue Shanggong (1144) #1: 隹正月王/春吉日丁/亥既望/分召純/釐擇乃/吉金自/欣和其/安以樂/娛奉喜而/賓客其怡/鼓之夙/暮不貣/焉余子/孫萬葉/無疆用/之勿相

Xue Shanggong (1144) #3: 隹正月王/春吉日丁/亥既望分/召純釐擇/乃吉金自/欣和其安/以樂娛奉/喜而賓客/其怡鼓之/夙暮不貣/焉余子孫/萬葉無疆/用之勿相

Wang Qiu 王俅 (12th century): 隹正月仲/春吉日丁/亥 o o 噱/ 召 o o 擇/乃吉金樂/欣禾其 o ，我台樂 o o /喜而賓客/ o 台鼓之/夙暮辛 o /烏余子孫/萬世無疆/用之協相

Ma Chengyuan (1986-90): 隹正月王/ 囗 (春)吉日丁亥, 戉(越)王/者旨於/賜𢍰 (擇) 氒/吉金自/󰵇台(以)樂/󰵇󰵇, 󰵇而/賓客, 其台(以)/鼓之, 夙/莫(暮)不貣。/󰵇順(訓)余子/孫,萬枼(世)/亡疆,用/之勿相(喪)。

Jicheng (Chant.org): 隹正月季春。吉日丁亥。戉王者旨於賜擇厥吉金。自乍禾󰵇翟。台樂可康。嘉而賓客。日日台鼓之。𡖊暮不貣。順余子孫。萬枼亡疆。用之勿相。

Shi (1998)#98-99:隹正月旁/春吉日丁/亥戉王/者旨於/賜󰵇𢍰氒/吉金自/乍禾㐭/我台樂/丂帝⧄而/賓客日台/鼓之夙/莫不寶/順余子/孫萬枼/亡疆用/之勿相

Cao (1994A): 隹(唯)正月季/春吉日丁/亥,戉(越)王/者旨於/賜擇氒 (厥)/吉金,自/乍(作)禾(龢) 童(鐘) 。 /我台(以)樂/丂(考) 、帝(嫡)、 [祖over口] (祖)、夫、/賓客,日台(以)/鼓之, 夙/莫(暮)不貣(忒)。/順余子/孫,萬枼(世)/亡疆,用/之勿相(喪)。

Shi#100 (1998):隹正月旁/春吉日丁/亥戉王者/旨於賜𢍰/ 氒吉金自/乍禾㐭我/台樂丂帝/⧄而賓客/日台鼓之/夙莫不寶/順余子孫/萬枼亡疆/用之勿相

Cao Jinyan (2014): 隹(唯)正月季/春吉日丁/亥,戉(越)王/者(諸)旨(稽)於/賜擇氒 (厥)/吉金,自/乍(作)禾(龢) 童(鐘) 。 /我台(以)樂/丂(考) 、帝(嫡)、 [祖over口] (祖)、夫、/賓客,日台(以)/鼓之, 夙/莫(暮)不貣(忒)。/順余子/孫,萬枼(世)/亡(無)疆,用/之勿相(喪)。

Dong Shan (2014): 隹(唯)正月季囗(春)吉日丁亥, 戉(越)王者旨於賜擇氒(厥)吉金,自乍(作)禾(龢) 童(鐘) 。我台(以)樂丂(考) 、帝(嫡)、 [且over口+戈] (祖)、夫(大夫)、賓各(客),日台(以)鼓之, 夙莫(暮)不貣(忒)。順(訓)余子孫,萬枼(世)亡(無)疆,用之勿相(喪)。

Wang Qiu 王俅 (12th century), ed., Xiaotang jigu lu 嘯堂集古錄 (1176, p. 82a-b).

***3. The Bell of King Zhugou of Yue 朱句鐘 (12th century, 集成, 1.171.)

Discovered in the Song period. Now lost. Originally in the Collection of Dong Wuzi 董武子 (d. 1137). Described with facsimile in Xue Shanggong 薛尚功, ed., Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie 歷代鐘鼎彝器款識法帖 (1144), 1.4-5 (p. 8).

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

商鐘四 Xue Shanggong 薛尚功, ed., Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie 歷代鐘鼎彝器款識法帖 (1144), 1.4-5 (p. 8).
之利鐘, Jicheng 集成, 1.171.
朱句鐘, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994), #103, 268.
朱句鐘, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1996), 61-64.
朱句鐘, Shi (1998), #102, 559-60.
朱句鐘(商鐘), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007), 20, #103.
越王朱句鐘, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 287-88; 290, illus #252.
越王州句劍, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #194, 87-88.

Inscription:

Xue Shanggong: 惟王夾鐘春吉月子/昭鈴鼓之敷受 [糹+絲over正]( 繼)命/九州喜悦既擇吉金/用召和欣怡樂賓客/於赫純魯侯望 [䏍+长](能)全/之格韻孔協萬年之/後世【闕】自安烏余同/汝之利元孫以介眉壽

Jicheng (Chant.org): 隹王正月。初吉乙巳。□朱句之利孫。乍□王欲复師阤。擇吉金。自乍禾鐘。台樂賓客。志勞尃者𥎦。往矣。余之客。酓子利。萬世之後。亡疾自下□余同女。之利台孫。其永寶。

Cao (1994): 隹(唯)王正月初吉乙子(巳),/ □朱句之利孫(?)□亘□/喪。王欲复(復)師,擇吉金/自乍(作)禾(龢) 童(鐘)。台(以)樂賓客,/志(誌)勞尃(賻)者(諸)侯。 [止over 土](往) 已! 余/之客,酓=孔協, 萬枼(世)之/後, 亡疾自下, /允立(位), 同/女(汝)之利。台(嗣)孫皆永寶。

Shi (1998): 隹(唯)王正月初吉乙子(巳), /⧄朱句之⧄⧄亘⧄/喪⧄⧄复(復) ⧄, 𢍰(擇)吉金,/白(自)乍(作)禾(龢)㐭(林)。台(以)樂賓客,/志勞尃(賻)者(諸)侯。[山over 主]( (往) ⧄余/之各(客)酓(㱃) ⧄⧄, 萬枼(世)之/後, ⧄⧄白(自) 宁(定), 四啚(鄙)同/安。之⧄⧄⧄⧄⧄⧄。

Cao (2014): 隹(唯)王正月初吉乙子(巳), /□朱句之利孫(?)□亘□/喪。王欲(?)复(復)師。擇吉金,/自乍(作)禾(龢) 童(鐘)。台(以)樂賓客,/志(誌)勞尃(賻)者(諸)侯。 [止over 土](往) 已! 余/之客。酓[=](酓酓) 孔協, 萬枼(世)之/ 後, 亡(無)疾自下, 允立(位), 同/女(安)之利。台(嗣)孫皆永寶。

Dong Shan (2014): 隹(唯)王正甬屯吉乙子(巳),□□句之□□亘□喪□□複(復)□, 擇吉金,自乍(作)禾(龢)㐭(林)。台(以)樂賓客,志勞尃(賻)者(諸)侯,往□余之各(客)酓□□, 萬枼(世)之後,□□ 自寧,四啚(鄙)同安。之□□□□□□。

Xue Shanggong 薛尚功, ed., Lidai zhongding yiqi kuanzhi fatie 歷代鐘鼎彝器款識法帖 (1144), 1.4-5 (p. 8).

***4. Yue bell with Odd Characters 越奇字鐘 (集成, 1.155).

Yue Bell with Odd Characters 越奇字鐘 from Zou An 鄒安 (1916), Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.34b

Provenance: Linjiang County 臨江縣, Jiangxi (Originally in the collection of Lu Xinyuan 陸心源, Liu Tizhi 劉體智 (1879~1962). Later kept in Academia Sinica Museum 臺北中央博物館, Taipei).
Current Location: National Palace Museum 臺北故宮博物院, Taipei.

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

Zou An 鄒安 (1916), Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.33-35
能原鎛, Jicheng 集成, 1.155.
邾越盟辭鎛甲, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994), #130, 297-301.
越奇字鐘一, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #94, 555 (Shi records that this was only a temprorary name given by Rong Geng).
邾越盟辭鐘一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1999), #62, 117-8; 119-20, illus #89.
邾越盟辭鎛甲, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007), 25, #130.
越邾营盟辭鎛一, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 越國器(下)#3, 274-275; 276-7, illus #248.
奇字鎛甲, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #191, 86n4.

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): □□之於大□者。連□小。□於□曰利。小者乍心□。衣余者戉□者。利。大□□連者夷。戉禦曰。於余□夷 □□邾□之□□乍夷□

Shi (1998): ⧄⧄/ ⧄/之⧄/⧄乍/居⧄/⧄連水禦□/□□古⧄⧄/可利/之於/⧄□/連者/祈水/⧄於/⧄古/利水/者乍/⧄⧄/⧄余⧄𫑛 ⧄/者利⧄□⧄/連者/居=𫑛/禦古/於余/⧄⧄

Cao (2014): □連小□□/□□□□□/□利/之於/大□/者, 連/□小。/□於/□曰/“利小/者乍(作),/心□,/衣(依)余□囗[枼+阝](越) □/者,利大□□/連者(諸)/尸(夷)。” 囗[枼+阝](越) /禦曰:/隹(唯)余/□尸(夷)/□□。/邾曰/之, □/□者乍(作),/尸(夷) □
Dong Shan (2014): 自連水□□□曰□[子+几],可利之於甚□者連祈水· 自於介曰利水者□· 褱余居𫑛蒥者利[???]□叴,連者居𫑛達曰於余□居,叴□[枼+阝]曰之極□乍居虐。

***5. Yue Bell with Odd Characters 越奇字鐘 (1890; 集成, 1.156).

Yue Bell with Odd Characters 越奇字鐘 from Zou An 鄒安 (1916), Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.33-35

Provenance: Guangxu, Year 16 (1890), Found by fishermen in Jinjiang 錦江 on the eastern outskirts Ruzhou 瑞州 (Present day Gao’an 高安), Jiangxi (Originally in the collection of Xiong Fangsui 熊方燧).
Current Location: Palace Museum 故宮博物院, Beijing.

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

Zou An 鄒安 (1916), Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.45-47. 能原鎛, Jicheng 集成, 1.156.
邾越盟辭鎛乙, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, 1994, #131, 302-5.
越奇字鐘二, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #95, 555-6 (Shi records that this was only a temprorary name given by Rong Geng).
邾越盟辭鐘二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1999), #63, 118; 122-3, illus #90.
邾越盟辭鎛乙, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007), 25, #130.
越邾营盟辭鎛二, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 越國器(下)#4, 275, 280; 278-9, illus #249.
奇字鎛乙, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #192, 86n5.

Inscription:

Jicheng: 夷膚甚□者元。乍□曰。自𣄨□曰。□爯勞曰利。連余大邾。大□之宔戉。曰。余入邦。乍利□小。其者□□□ 於子子。行則曰。自余
Shi (1998): 於⧄/⧄⧄/睗古/⧄余/居膚⧄⧄/者元乍(作) ⧄/⧄⧄/祈⧄/古⧄/⧄⧄/古利 /連余/大囗[枼+阝]/大⧄/之宔戉⧄/余⧄⧄乍/利⧄/水亓/者可/⧄⧄
Cao (2014): 尸(夷)膚(营)甚□/者元乍(作) □/曰: “自/祈□/曰: □/爯(稱)勞/連余/大邾/大□/之宔(主)戉(越)。曰:/余內(入)邦。乍(作)/利□/小, 亓(其)/者□/□□ /於子/子。”行/則曰:/自余/□□□□/□利/之於
Dong Shan (2014): 居膚甚□者元乍□ ·曰自祈□古□蒥勞· 古利連余□ [???]□ [枼+阝] □ [???]麗· 之宔戉自余自蒥乍· 利叴水亓者可肝□ ·於□[子+古]□[子+古]□[八over口]則曰自余

***6. Yue bell with Odd Characters 越奇字鐘.

Provenance: Unclear.

Current Location: Whereabouts unknown

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

鳥篆鐘, Rong Geng (1938), Niaoshu kao buzheng illus. #21
越奇字鐘三, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #96, 556-7; 360-363.
越奇字鐘三, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007), 26, 166
越邾营盟辭鐘, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 越國器(下)#5, 280-4, illus #250.
奇字鐘 , Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #193,87n2.

Inscription:

Shi (1998): 唯余囗[???] ⧄⧄ ⧄ 大土 ⧄ 立建 ⧄□ 成囗[???] 古
Cao (2014): 尸(夷) □/呂(营) 大土/囗[枼+阝](越)立建 /□□/成邾(?),曰/唯余囗[???]盡
Dong Shan (2014):囗囗·越立建城[over木+阝]曰·[辶+占]世·唯余囗(盡)既(概)囗(吳)土。

7. Zhedao bo-bell 者𣱼鑮 (bó) and Set of Twelve Zhedao zhong-bells 者𣱼鐘

The Goudiao-bell of the son of Gufeng Guatong from Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.78.

1. The Goudiao-bell of the son of Gufeng Guatong 姑馮𠯑同之子句鑃 (1788, 集成, 2.424)

ProvenanceFound in Changshu County, Jiangsu in 1788.
Current Location: Unknown
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

Zou An 鄒安 (1916), Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.78-79.
姑馮𠯑同之子句鑃, Jicheng 集成, 2.424.
姑馮句鑃, Dong Chuping (1992), 152-156.
姑馮𠯑同之子句鑃, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #117, 567-8.
姑馮同句鑃, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #188,84n4.

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 隹王正月初吉丁亥。姑馮𠯑同之子。擇厥吉金。自乍商句鑃。厶樂賓客。及我父󱜂。子子孫孫。永保用之。

Dong (1992): 隹王正月初/吉丁亥, 姑囗[仌+鳳](馮)/𠯑同之子/囗[???](擇) 囗[???]/吉金,自/乍(作)商句鑃, 㠯(以)/樂賓客及/我父囗[???](兄),子=/孫=永保用之。

Shi (1998): 隹(唯)王正月初/吉丁亥, 姑馮(?)/𠯑同之子/𢍰 (擇) 氒(厥)吉金,自/乍(作)商句鑃, 㠯(以)/樂賓客,及/我父囗[???](兄),子=/孫=永保用之。

Dong Shan (2014): 隹(唯)王正月初吉丁亥, 姑馮𠯑同之子擇氒厥吉金(厥)吉金,自乍(作)商句鑃,以樂賓客,及我父兄,子子孫孫,永保用之。

References:

The Qici Goudiao-bell 其次句鑃 from Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.81.

2. The Qici Goudiao-bell 其次句鑃 (19^th century (Daoguang 道光 reign); 集成, 2.422).

Provenance From a mountain in Wukang County 武康縣, Zhejiang.
Current Location: Palace Museum 故宮博物院, Beijing.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

Zou An 鄒安 (1916), Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.81.
其次句鑃, Jicheng 集成, 2.422.
其次句鑃, Dong Chuping (1992), 156-161.
其次句鑃一, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #118, 568.
其次句鑃乙, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #190,86n3.

Inscription:

Jicheng (Chant.org): 隹正初吉丁亥。其次擇其吉金。鑄句鑃。台亯台孝。用𣄨萬壽。子子孫孫。永保用之。

Dong (1992): 隹正初吉丁亥, 其次𢍰其吉金, 鑄句鑃, 台(以) 享台(以)孝, 用𣄨(祈)萬壽,子=孫=, 永保用之。

Shi (1998): 囗正初吉丁亥,其次𢍰(擇)其吉金鑄句鑃。.台(以) 亯(享)台(以)孝(孝)。用𣄨(旗 – 祈)萬壽。子=孫=永保用之。

Dong Shan (2014): 隹正初吉丁亥,其次擇其吉金鑄句鑃。台(以)享(享)台(以)孝(孝)。用祈萬壽。子子孫孫。永保用之。

References:

The Qici Goudiao bell 其次句鑃 from Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.80.

3. The Qici Goudiao bell 其次句鑃 (19^th century (Daoguang 道光 reign); 集成, 2.421).

Provenance From a mountain in Wukang County 武康縣, Zhejiang.
Current Location: Current whereabouts unknown. Originally in the collection of Su Huanong 蘇花農 and Xu Zishan 徐紫珊.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

Zou An 鄒安 (1916), Zhou Jinwen cun 周金文存: 6卷: 1.80
其次句鑃, Jicheng 集成, 2.421
其次句鑃 Dong Chuping (1992), 156-161.
其次句鑃二, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #119, 568-9.
其次句鑃甲, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #189,86-7n1.

Inscription:

Dong (1992): 隹正初吉丁亥, 其次𢍰其吉金, 鑄句鑃, 台(以) 享台(以)孝, 用𣄨(祈)萬壽,子=孫=, 永保用之。

Shi (1998): 隹(唯)正初吉丁亥,其次𢍰(擇)其吉金鑄句鑃。.台(以) 亯(享)台(以)孝(孝)。用𣄨(旗 – 祈)萬壽。子=孫=永保用之。

Dong Shan (2014): 隹正初吉丁亥,其次擇其吉金鑄句鑃。台(以) 亯(享)台(以)孝(孝)。用祈萬壽。子子孫孫。永保用之。

References:

IV. Vessels

A. Broken Tripood Cover

1. The Zhili Fragment of a Tripod Cover 之利殘片

Provenance: Unclear. Current Location: Palace Museum 故宮博物院, Beijing. (Originally in the collection of a certain Mr. Fu 傅 of Beijing)

Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

鳥篆青銅器殘片, Tang Lan 唐蘭, “Ji cuojinshu niaozhuan qingtongqi canpian ming” 記錯金書鳥篆青銅器殘片銘, Wenwu No. 10 (1961): 25.
之利殘片, Rong Geng 容庚 (1964), 293; 316, illus. #40.
之利殘片, Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994), #134, 308.
之利殘片, Dong Chuping 董楚平 (1998), 105.
之利殘器片, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998), #120, 569.
之利殘片, Chen Shin-Liang陳信良 (2006), 120-3.
之利殘片, Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007), 25, #134.
之利殘片, Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (2014), 288-289; 291, illus. #253.
錯金鳥書器蓋殘片, Dong Shan 董珊 (2014), #196,92n4.

Inscription:
Shi (1998): 之利之⧄之⧄古柬旨
居⧄⧄堇於姿於興余
⧄利。□[虍over 貝] (鬳) 亡之利玄鏐之堇
⧄皮卲乍成居□[虍over 貝] (鬳) 書釿⧄
恀女長⧄劭古昜女
⧄□⧄⧄□女

Chen (2006): ⧄□⧄
⧄□女（汝）長，於劭（昭）曰昜，女（汝）⧄
⧄皮（彼）劭（昭），乍（作）成。夷□[虍over 鼎]書釿。⧄
⧄利。□[虍over 鼎] 乍（作）□利，玄鏐之⧄。
⧄夷)□[ 亻+貝]□[ 勿over 皿]堇於□[女+欠]於興。余⧄ 。
⧄之利，寺□之□[女+欠] ，古柬□⧄。

Cao (2014): ⧄□⧄
⧄□女（汝）長，于卲（昭）曰昜，女（汝）⧄
⧄皮（彼）卲（昭），乍（作）成。尸(夷)□[虍over 鼎]書釿。⧄
⧄利。□[虍over 鼎] 乍（作）□利，玄鏐之⧄。
⧄尸(夷)□[ 亻+貝]□[ 勿over 皿]堇於□[女+欠]於興。余⧄ 。
⧄之利，寺□之□[女+欠] ，古柬□⧄。

f Dong Shan (2014): ……□□□□□ 囗[尸+女]……….
恀女長⧄劭古昜女…..
□皮卲乍成居□[虍over 貝] 書釿□……..
□利□[虍over 貝] 亡之利玄鏐之堇…….
居□□堇于姿于興余……
□之利之恆之奴鴣柬□…..

References:

Image of the inscription on a fragment from what may have been a tripod cover, taken from Rong Geng, Niaoshu kao (1964), 316, illus. #40.

V. Inscriptions on Stone Weapons

A. Stone Spearheads 石矛 shí máo

*1. Stone Spearhead of King Buguang of Yue 越王不光石矛 (1997).

Stone Spearhead of King Buguang of Yue, Shaoxing Museum; Photo by Benjamin Daniels (May 29, 2018).

Provenience: 1997; Warring States Tomb 戰國墓, Fenghuang Mountain 鳳凰山, Shaoxing 紹興, Zhejiang.
Current Location: Shaoxing Museum.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王不光石矛一, Cao Jinyan (2014).

Inscription:

Cao (2014): 戉(越)王不/戉(越)王光

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), 越國器(中)#44, 200; illus. 192, 202.

*2. Stone Spearhead of the King of Yue 越王石矛 (1957/8).

Stone Spearhead of the King of Yue, Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou; Photo by Benjamin Daniels (May 25, 2018).

Provenience: 1957/8; excavated in 1957; Yiqiao 義橋, Lizhu 漓渚, Shaoxing 紹興, Zhejiang.
Current Location: Zhejiang Provincial Museum 浙江省博物館, Hangzhou 杭州.
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

越王石矛, Wang Shilun 王士倫 (1965)
戉王石矛 (一), Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎 (1994).
越王石矛, Shi Xiejie 施謝捷 (1998).
戉王石矛 (一), Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠 (2007).

越王石矛三, Cao Jinyan (2014).

Inscription:

Shi (1998) 戉(越)戉(越)王戉(越)/戉(越)王王

Cao (2014): 戉(越)戉(越)王戉(越)/戉(越)王王

References:

Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Niaochongshu tong kao 鳥蟲書通考 (Expanded Edition, 增訂版) (Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2014), 越國器(中)#71, 231; illus. #219, 233.

Lin Chin-Chung 林進忠, “Dong Zhou niaochongshu de wenzi zaoxing yishu” 東周鳥蟲書的文字造形藝術, Shuhua yishu xue kan 書畫藝術學刊, No. 2 (2007): 22, #67.

Shi Xiejie 施谢捷, Wu Yue wenzi huibian 吳越文字彙編 (Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998), #172, 584.

Wang Shilun 王士倫, “Ji Zhejiang faxian de tongnao, youtao zhong he Yuewang shimao” 記浙江發現的銅鐃、釉陶鐘和越王石矛, Kaogu 考古 (1965.5): 256-7.

Zhang Guangyu 張光裕 and Cao Jinyan 曹錦炎, Dongzhou niaozhuan wenzi bian 東周鳥篆文字編 (Hong Kong: Hanmoxuan chuban youxian gongsi, 1994), #67, 229.

B. Stone Swords 石劍 shí jiàn

Jade Sword of King Zhugou of Yue

Jade Sword of King Zhugou of Yue, Shaoxing Museum; Photo by Benjamin Daniels (May 29, 2018).

Provenance: Unclear.
Current Location: Shaoxing Museum
Name of Artifact Used in Previous Studies:

Inscription:

戉(越)王州句

References:

Wu Yue Scripts

白公問於孔子曰：「人可以微言？」孔子不應。白公曰：「若以石投水中，何如？」曰：「吳、越之善沒者能取之矣。」

Yue Inscriptions

I. Weapons of King Goujian 句踐 (r. 496-465 BCE), Zhezhi Yuyi 者旨於睗 (r. 464-459 BCE), Bushou 不壽 (r. 458-449, Jibeigu 丌北古?), and Zhougou 州句 (r. 448-412 BCE)

A. King Goujian of Yue 越王句踐 (r. 496-465 BCE)

King Goujian of Yue 越王句踐, Swords 劍 (jiàn)

***1. Sword of Goujian, the Son of the King of Yue 越王之子句踐劍 (集成, 18.11595).

***2. Sword of Goujian, the Son of the King of Yue 越王之子句踐劍 (集成, 18.11594).

*3. Sword of King Goujian of Yue 越王句踐劍 (1965; 集成, 18.11621).

Paleography

B. King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗

King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗, Dagger-Axes 戈 (gē)

***1. Dagger-axe of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗戈.

*2. Dagger-axe of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗戈 (1959; 集成, 17.11310).

*3. Dagger-axe of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗戈 (1959; 集成, 17.11311).

Spears 矛 máo

1. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛 (集成, 17.11511).

*2. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛 (1988).

3. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛 (集成, 18.11512).

4. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛.

5. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗矛.

6. Spear of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨矛.

Swords 劍 jiàn

***1. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1930s; 集成, 18.11600).

2. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

3. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (集成, 18.11597).

***4. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1930s; 集成, 18.11599; 18.11598).

5. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (集成, 18.11596).

*6. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1986).

*7. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1996).

8. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

9. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1996).

10. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

11. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

12. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍 (1995).

13. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

14. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

15. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

16. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

17. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

18. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍.

19. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍

20. Sword of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yue 越王者旨於睗劍

Belthook 帶鉤 (dàigōu)

1. The Belthook of King Zhezhi Yuyi of Yuyue 於越王者旨於睗帶鉤

C. King Bushou of Yue 越王不壽 (r. 458-449, is this Jibeigu 丌北古?)

Spears 矛 máo

1. Spear of Bushou, the son the king of Yue 越王大子不壽矛 (集成, 18.11544).

Swords 劍 jiàn

1. Sword of King Bushou of Yue 越王不壽劍 (2001).

B. King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古

Swords 劍 jiàn

1. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍 (集成, 18.11703).

*2. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍 (1987).

3. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

4. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

5. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

6. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

7. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

8. Sword of King Jibeigu of Yue 越王丌北古劍.

D. King Zhougou of Yue 越王州句 (r. 448-411 BCE)

Spears 矛 máo

***1. Spear of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句矛 (集成, 18.11535).

Swords 劍 jiàn

*1. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 越王州句劍 (1973; 集成, 18.11625).

*2. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1977; 集成, 18.11631.)

***3. The Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1881; 集成, 18.11622).

***4. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (集成, 18.11624).

***5. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1936; 集成, 18.11623 and 18.11629 are mixed up).

***6. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (集成, 18.11623 and 18.11629 are mixed up).

***7. Sword of the King of Yue 越王劍 (1931; 集成, 18.11570).

*8. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1980; 集成, 18.11632).

*9. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (1987)

10. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 越王州句劍 (集成, 18.11630).

11. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (集成, 18.11626).

12. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍.

13. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍.

14. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍 (集成, 18.11627).

15. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 戉王州句劍, (集成, 18.11628).

16. Sword of King Zhougou of Yue 越王州句劍.

***1. Sword of Goujian, the Son of the King of Yue
越王之子句踐劍 (集成, 18.11595).

***2. Sword of Goujian, the Son of the King of Yue
越王之子句踐劍 (集成, 18.11594).

II. Weapons of later kings (late 5^th and 4^th centuries), uncertain, and disputed.

1. Weapons that have been proposed to be from the time of King Yunchang of Yue (r. late 6^th century - d. 497 BCE)